Part 2: How to pay for things overseas using your Galapágos Android NFC and PayWave

This Verifone terminal does them all

In the previous article I talked about how to pay for things outside of Japan using a Japanese phone and a NFC terminal. In particular, using iD required at least two things:

1. a docomo phone (since the iD service, while available for a variety of plastic credit cards, is only currently offered on docomo as of July 2014)
2. a Japanese MasterCard that supports PayPass

But what if you have a Visa card? What if you have your phone/carrier isn't docomo? There are options.

Minimum Requirements for any overseas NFC Use

First of all, you will still need the bare hw/sw requirements that were mentioned in more detail in the previous post:

• A docomo/au/Softbank phone that supports NFC types A/B/F (NFC Type F is the same thing as "FeliCa")
• A USIM that supports NFC Type A/B. If you bought your phone recently your phone probably already has one of these and you don't need to talk to your carrier for an upgrade.
• Your NFC R/W P2P needs to be "off" when using payment systems, which expect the NFC to be in client/master mode (the phone is the "client," the Point-of-Sale terminal is the "master")

Bank Provided Apps for Japanese Galapágos Phones

Finally, you will need a bank that supports NFC credit cards through its own app (or one that it partners with). Currently, there are two credit card companies that offer overseas credit card ability: Sumitomo-Mitsui Visa (PayWave) and Orico Visa (PayWave) & MasterCard (PayPass). Orico was the first in Japan to offer Visa's payWave.

Sumitomo-Mitsui's Visa PayWave

Orico's payWave/PayPass

These applications can be installed on compatible docomo, au, and Softbank phones. If you have a Orico MasterCard, you can choose to use the Orico app to set it up, or choose the iD app.

Just like the instructions in the previous post, simply possessing the correct card and a working app/phone is not enough; you need to contact your credit card company (either at application or afterwards) and tell them to you wish to use this functionality, and they will send you a one-time use "access code" and password to activate it.

As PayPass and PayWave services are still very new in Japan, it is likely that additional banks and cards will offer this service in the future.

Visa payWave (& most probably MasterCard payPass;
maybe American Express expresspay/Discover zip OK

Card Compatibility at the POS Terminal

VISA payWave can be used almost anywhere MasterCard PayPass is accepted, especially in the United States. If you see the payWave mark, you can almost always use PayPass/MasterCard as well, the same way how almosty all stores that accept Visa also accept MasterCard. There are some rare exceptions.

American Express' NFC service is called "expresspay". It too can be used where the "wave" mark is present and the merchant accepts it.

Currently no American Express cards issued by Japanese banks support expresspay (that will probably change in the future).

Discover Card's NFC system is called "zip". While Discover Card is not issued in Japan, Japanese Diner's Club and JCB cards can be used wherever Discover is accepted and vice-versa (normally there will be a small Discover logo on the back of these Japanese cards).

NFC Credit Card Android Apps: set it up then forget/delete it

A dissenting opinion

A note about all the Android apps: The iD App, Orico NFC Service, and Sumitomo-Mitsui Card Visa payWave apps do not have to be on your phone at all time to use NFC. These apps are used to "set up and program" the data block(s) on the UIM card, as well as query it (find out the card number, name, expiration date, etc) stored on it.

Deleting the Android app that initialized the NFC type A/B/F record does not delete the corresponding NFC data.

However, for some FeliCa/NFC apps, deleting the app — or doing a full reset of the phone, wiping user data — then re-installing may cause the new instance(s) of the app to not recognize or locate the old data. This depends on how the app is designed. Poor software design, yes. But caveat emptor.

Don't forget to assess your personal balance between convenience and risk and set your phone's security (and your NFC's security) appropriately.

Non NFC Credit Card Android apps: useful for balance, transaction history, etc.

One app to set it (NFC), another app to check it (cloud).

On the other hand, keeping the app around, especially for NFC apps that have a balance on them (pre-loaded cash or points), is handy so you can check to see how much money (often through custom Android widgets on your home screen) you have left and to top off the balance with more money. You can do this at specialized terminals and ATMs throughout the country too. As a credit card has no "balance" on the chip, these apps don't have as much value. There may be a side function (or a completely separate app for your credit card, or a mobile web site) that checks how much credit you have remaining. For example, Sumitomo-Mitsui has the Vpass app to check its credit card status and transaction details, American Express Japan has an app to check its Japan based AMEX cards, and Rakuten Card has an app to check its cards' balances and activity.

How to pay for things overseas using your Galapágos docomo Android NFC and PayPass

Japan adopting tech (NFC) that was originally adopted from Japan (FeliCa)

In the Japanese 電子マネー {denshi manē} (e-cash) world, there are currently six main FeliCa (a Japan-based near-field communication system) based systems for paying for goods at stores and restaurants with Japanese yen using your Japanese mobile phone's おサイフケータイ {osaifu kētai} (Osaifu-Keitai "mobile wallet") app:

#1. iD [credit]

Affiliated with NTT's docomo, it ties primarily to Visa/MasterCard®, and docomo's DCMX credit service. (with some exceptions depending on the issuing bank). iD is not a smartphone-only technology; it can (and often is) embedded in Japanese credit cards standalone.

iD's credit-based competitor

#2. QUICPay [credit]

It ties primarily to JCB and AMEX credit/charge cards (with some exceptions depending on the issuing bank). It is a standalone technology that links existing credit cards to your phone; there are no credit cards that have "QUICPay" NFC chips in them.

#3. WAON [pre-loaded cash]

It is affiliated with JAL for miles; preferred payment system for ÆON (イオン {Ion}) owned businesses.

logo after Bitwallet K.K. acquisition

#4. Rakuten Edy [pre-loaded cash]

It's affiliated with ANA for miles, and also Rakuten Super Points, Ponta (Lawson, KFC, …), Edy de COIN (GREE), T-POINT, Yodobashi Gold Points, EPOS Card, Belle Maison Points, Bic Points, NEXCO, Edy de Matsumoto Points, EDION Points; you can also pay with cash in your smartphone's Edy for goods over the internet — via smartphone or personal computer.

#5. nanaco [pre-loaded cash]

This is the preferred payment system for 7&i Holdings businesses: 7-Eleven, Denny's, Loft, Itō-Yōkadō supermarkets, Sogō-Seibu department stores, ….

The penguin sure is cute.

#6. Mobile Suica [pre-loaded cash]

This is the preferred payment system for JR (stores inside atré malls next to big JR stations) compatible nationwide with train and bus stations on the "IC" transportation network: Suica, PASMO, ICOCA, PiTaPa, TOICA, manaca, nimoca, SUGOCA, Kitaca, etc.

None of these are directly linked to a credit card

The first two systems, iD and QUICPay, are basically substitutes for credit card "swiping" as they are linked directly to a credit card — although all of the "pre-loaded cash" systems can be "charged" or "top off-ed" (transferring Japanese yen, or converting loyalty points, from one account into the secure separate storage in the phone) directly via various apps; Rakuten Edy also allows topping off from either a Rakuten Bank or a Rakuten account, which can be linked to many types of payment systems, including credit cards.

Rakuten allows direct transfers from its bank account to Edy.

Not just any credit card can be linked to iD and QUICPay; both have a list of supported bank/card combinations.

None of these systems, however, worked with the two most popular NFC based payment systems in the North America and Europe: MasterCard/Maestro's PayPass™ and Visa's payWave.

Until recently.

Getting PayPass ability for your Japanese phone

The iD system now works with MasterCard's PayPass system. In addition to paying for things with a swipe of your phone in Japan, you can now also do the same overseas. In order to use PayPass, you must meet the following requirements:

A. You need an Android phone that has hybrid FeliCa / NFC hardware.

FeliCa is Sony developed "Japanese NFC" and is much older than the international NFC system that was inspired by it. Early Japanese phones (smartphone and feature phones) were FeliCa only; newer (all 2014 models and most 2013 models) Japanese market Android docomo phones with NFC are hybrid NFC+FeliCa. Non-Japanese phones are NFC only.

As of July 2014, the docomo models that support hybrid FeliCa+NFC Type A/B are:

2012: inside or outside Japan NFC

• ARROWS NX F-05F
• GALAXY S5 SC-04F
• AQUOS ZETA SH-04F
• Disney Mobile on docomo SH-05F
• Xperia Z2 SO-03F
• Xperia A2 SO-04F
• ARROWS NX F-01F
• Disney Mobile on docomo F-03F
• G2 L-01F
• GALAXY Note 3 SC-01F
• GALAXY J SC-02F
• AQUOS PHONE ZETA SH-01F
• SH-01F DRAGON QUEST
• AQUOS PHONE EX SH-02F
• Xperia Z1 SO-01F
• Xperia Z1 f SO-02F
• ARROWS NX F-06E
• Disney Mobile on docomo F-07E
• Optimus it L-05E
• MEDIAS X N-06E
• ELUGA P P-03E
• AQUOS PHONE ZETA SH-06E
• AQUOS PHONE si SH-07E
• Xperia A SO-04E
• Xperia feat. HATSUNE MIKU SO-04E
• AQUOS PHONE EX SH-04E
• Xperia AX SO-01E
• Optimus G Pro L-04
• EELUGA X P-02E
• AQUOS PHONE ZETA SH-02E
• Xperia Z SO-02E

B. You need a miniUSIM that is compatible with NFC wallets (type A/B).

Upgrade your early hybrid NFC/FeliCa with this for free.

The early miniUSIMs for Docomo phones were usually colored in red livery. The new NFC wallet compatible miniUSIMs are pink. Any docomo shop will replace your legacy SIM for the new pink SIM free-of-charge, and you will be able to keep your phone number (but not any SIM-based contact lists or applications, which are obsolete in 2014 anyway).

You will know when you have a pink Type A/B miniUSIM in your device because the おサイフケータイ {osaifu kētai} (Osaifu-Keitai "mobile wallet") app will have an additional third column (accessible by swiping left or right) in the マイサービス {mai sābisu} (My Service) & おすすめ {osusume} (Recommend) areas:

• すべて {subete} | All
• 本体 {hontai} | Phone(FeliCa)
• UIMカード {yū ai emu kādo} | UIM card

Note the UIMカード column;
モバイルcashbee is a NFC UIM app.

If the third "UIM Card" column is not present (even if it is empty), then either your おサイフケータイ {osaifu kētai} (Osaifu-Keitai "mobile wallet") app is too old (version 4.1.1 is the newest version as of July 1st, 2014) or your USIM is not the pink type.

To find out how many blocks of memory (which is completely separate from your phone's memory or USB memory or SD card storage) your FeliCa apps are using, press your phone's physical/virtual menu button while inside the おサイフケータイ {osaifu kētai} (Osaifu-Keitai "mobile wallet") app and select メモリ使用状況 {memori shiyō jōkyō} (Status of used memory). The 本体 {hontai} (FeliCa) / Phone(FeliCa) area will have two areas:

1. a 共通領域 {kyōtsū ryōiki} (Common Area) that will have around 750 blocks
2. a 鉄道・バス領域 {tetsudō basu ryōiki} (Transportation Area) that will have around 250 blocks.

A nice feature of storing the data on the USIM card is that you do not need to do the complicated process of 機種変更 {kishu henkō} (model change [procedure]) for every valuable FeliCa application that has non-backed up cash or important data (that is only in the handset) when you need to turn in your phone for servicing or repair — or you are upgrading or replacing a mobile device; all you need to do is transfer your UIM to the new phone. There is no need to put the data in temporary escrow with the app provider or carrier.

C. You need a PayPass compatible Japanese MasterCard.

This is a compatible card (and one of the first)

It's not enough to have a Japanese credit card that is iD compatible; it must be iD (meaning it's issued by a Japanese bank) and PayPass compatible.

Before you apply for a card, it's best to load the latest app and check the list of support bank/card combinations so you don't get disappointed. If you get a card, you'll probably want one with a contact smart chip in it too, as using a PIN instead of a signature is getting to be pretty standard in Japan and Europe, although it still has a long way to go in America.

D. You need version 8.0 or later of the "iDアプリ {aidī apuri}".

PayPass enabled since Feb, 2014

The official documentation says you need version 8.0 or later of the iD software, however, the app's Change Log in the Play Store claims that PayPass ability was added in version 7.0. As of July 1, 2014, the current version is 9.0.

There are two ways to get the iD app: one is straight through the Google Play Store. Another way is through the おサイフケータイ {osaifu kētai} (Osaifu-Keitai "mobile wallet") app, which is usually built-in to your Galápagos firmware and will be in the おすすめ {osusume} (Recommend) section if it is not already installed. If it is installed, it will be in the マイサービス {mai sābisu} (My Service) Installed NFC/FeliCa applications do not appear in the installed apps section of your phone and vice-versa; the NFC/FeliCa applications are isolated from the Android system and the two use a bridge to communicate with each other.

Note that both the おサイフケータイ {osaifu kētai} (Osaifu-Keitai "mobile wallet") app and the iD application are very security sensitive because they deal with money. If you root your phone or replace the firmware, it is unlikely these apps will be able to be downloaded. And even if they are side-loaded, they will refuse to work. The iD app won't even work if Wi-Fi is enabled.

E. Your NFC R/W P2P functionality needs to be "off".

Your PayPass will work even when your phone is off because it is designed to work in "client/slave" mode where the POS NFC/FeliCa terminal acts as the "host/master" providing the main power (by induction through the air). Counterintuitively though, when NFC is "turned on" on your phone, your PayPass/iD will not work.

Fortunately, many phones include widgets and UIs that allow you to "temporarily" activate P2P NFC, disabling it (and saving battery life) after a preset amount of minutes. This way, you won't accidentally forget and have to fiddle with your phone to deactivate R/W P2P while there's a line behind you.

If you can do this, your NFC R/W P2P is "on" and NFC iD/Paypass (among other things) won't work.

F. You need to apply (email/phone/postal mail) and register with your credit card company

"Huh? Am I living in the 20th century?!"

Once you get the card, you will need to register it with the iD app. Unfortunately (or fortunately), for security reasons, this is not as simple as inputting the card number, CVC, and expiration date. You will need to tell your card company that you wish to use the service and they will send you a one-time use activation code etc. via certified mail.

In the application, you may set limits for the use (max amount per transaction, max amount per day), as well as PINs to use for amounts over a certain threshold, PINs for the smart chip, and passwords for using or maintaining the status of the card over the internet. The details will depend on the card.

Using your iD at PayPass & PayWave terminals overseas

Notice how this MasterCard ad doesn't label the right logo as "Visa PayWave".

Even though you can't link your iD to a Visa PayWave card, you can still pretty much pay at any POS NFC terminal that accepts either MasterCard PayPass or Visa PayWave — just like how you can use MasterCard anywhere Visa is accepted and vice versa.

Protecting your device from theft

Android Device Manager:
don't leave home without it

With all of the additional security features turned off, your e-money and NFC based credit cards are about as secure as an old fashioned credit card or cash: if somebody steals or you lose your phone, you have to deal with it the same way you deal with a lost or stolen credit card.

However, depending on your preference between balancing convenience versus security, you can make the NFC based payments more secure than cash or credit. Depending on your device, you may be able to do one or more of the following:

• You can enable a special unlock PIN just for NFC
• You can set a PIN for going over certain limits and quotas
• You can set all it so your NFC doesn't work when the phone is screen locked
• You can set your device management options so you can locate your phone remotely or brick/lock it.

Using a plain non-mobile credit card

Non-traditional shape of a NFC credit "card"

Of course, you can always use a plain credit card with a PayPass chip in it. The PayPass "card" may not even be in the shape of a credit card; while they're not available yet in Japan, paying by PayPass can be done by a keychain, a bracelet, or a watch.

It's nice to know that if you decide to switch from a phone which supports NFC to one that doesn't, you can continue to use your PayPass with a less high tech device that doesn't run on any power.

Other Options

... when I get around to it.

Many of you in Japan that travel overseas might not have a docomo but might use a phone from another carrier. Even more of you might not have a Japanese PayPass MasterCard.

Are there ways to use your Japanese phone to pay for things outside of Japan.

Yes, there are! I will be covering these methods in future posts.